Employees work at a production facility of Unwave company, a Ukrainian producer of jammers and radio electronic warfare, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, at an undisclosed location, Ukraine October 28, 2024. REUTERS/Valentyn Ogirenko
Employees work at a production facility of Unwave company, a Ukrainian producer of jammers and radio electronic warfare, amid Russia's attack on Ukraine, at an undisclosed location, Ukraine October 28, 2024. REUTERS/Valentyn Ogirenko

How 1,000 days of conflict evolved into robot war between Russia and Ukraine

When Yuriy Shelmuk co-founded a company last year making drone signal jammers, he said there was little interest in the devices. It now produces 2,500 a month and has a six-week waiting list.

Demand shifted after the failure of a major Ukrainian counteroffensive in the summer of 2023 that was meant to put invading Russian forces on the back foot. Kyiv cited Russia's extensive use of unmanned aerial vehicles to spot and strike targets, as well as vast numbers of landmines and troops.

"Concentrated, cheap aerial drones stopped all our assaults," Shelmuk said. "There was an understanding that a new game changer had appeared."

The vast majority of more than 800 companies in Ukraine's burgeoning defence production sector were founded after Russia's 2022 full-scale invasion that enters its 1,000th day on Tuesday.

Many were set up in response to rapidly evolving battlefield conditions, including drones - first in the skies and then also on land and at sea - as well as anti-drone technology and, increasingly, artificial intelligence.

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