Bangladesh in the New Cold War: Major Leaps by a Minor Power

Relative power distribution is one of the key elements for understanding a country’s sphere and degree of influence within its own region and beyond. Although the concept is commonly used to comprehend the power dynamics between and among the great powers in a hypothetical multipolar world, it is also useful to understand the growing influence of different types of states. The Lowy Institute, a Sydney-based think-tank, uses this type of index to explore major shifts in power in the Indo-Pacific. The 2021 Asia Power Index names four countries that have shown improvement in over the past year: the United States, Brunei, Bangladesh, and Sri Lanka. Analysts of International Relations (IR) should note that despite the presence of the big league powers, what the index describes as “minor powers” are the ones achieving positive trends. An interesting case in this regard is that of Bangladesh. Over a short span of 50 years, the South Asian country has simultaneously developed diplomatic influence, cultural impact, economic ties, and defense networks as parts of its partnership model. These four factors are classified by Lowy as “influence measure” variables. The next group of variables are the “resource variables,” which might be more important in terms of the weight they carry in traditional IR (i.e. economic/military capabilities, resilience etc.). Nevertheless, in the case of Bangladesh, it will be more relevant to examine the “influence measure” variables, which are the prime sources of its growing power.

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